B.E. Project:
Today, in industries and as well as in household applications an emergency light is employed where there is frequent non uniform voltage distribution occurs. Many types of emergency lights from rechargeable torches to systems like generators are available in market. All of them require a switch to operate them when frequent power failure occurs. The present one deals with a model which senses the mains as well as daylight to switch on the emergency light. This emergency light holds requirements of domestic purposes also. There is no need to search the switch in the dark as it switches on /off automatically.
There are some special features in this project which are as follows:
When mains power is available, it senses and switches off the lamp instantly. This may be a common feature in any of the emergency power systems. It incorporates an opto-eye which senses the ambient light and when the ambient light reaches a present low level when there is no power, it switches on the emergency light automatically. The switching is instantaneous.
In most of the emergency lights there is a drawback. The discharge level of the battery is not being controlled to a safe level. The batteries get discharged completely and lose their life rapidly. This is a very serious complaint from the users. In this one, cut-off is provided at predefined manufacturers minimum discharge level which gives the specified life of the battery.
The opto-eye mentioned in the above features is a special one in this automatic emergency light and opto-eye consists of a photo transistor and some specific arrangement of resistors. Here instead of photo transistor a photo diode is also used and we can also increase the sensitivity of
Photo diode in reverse configuration. We also come across different operational amplifiers, diodes, light emitting diode. In addition to these we also employ step down transformer and we also make use of one switch for proper operation of the devise. For different batteries, charging voltage and lamp can be choosen accordingly to be more illuminated.
INTRODUCTION:
The present mini project deals with the recent requirements of emergency light both for industries and domestic purposes. Many types of emergency lights from rechargeable torches to systems like generators are available in the market. When compared to all other emergency lights this one is quite efficient one as we make use of integrated circuits, voltage regulator and an excellent feature of opto eye is included in this present mini project. The present one deals with a model which senses the mains as well as daylight to switch on the emergency light.
The circuit consists of an LM324 quad operational amplifier which consists of fourteen pins. A logic function is performed by using this type of IC. There are four ICs involved in this circuitry. Also photo device is also included which makes the use of light intensity according to which voltage is produced across its terminals. When the wired AND logic function is fulfilled from the three ICs which work as comparators and the remaining another IC respond to it according to which the bulb will be glown . It also consists of a Darlington pair of pnp transistors whose set is capable of delivering the fifteen amperes to the load.
This present one has one on/off switch on operating which the emergency light glows. In most of the emergency light there exists a drawback. The discharge level of the battery is not being controlled to a safe level. The batteries get discharged completely and lose their life rapidly. This is a very serious aspect in order to overcome this a cutoff is provided and there exists a minimum discharge level which ensures the long life of battery used in the circuit. It incorporates an opto-eye which senses the ambient light when the ambient light reaches a preset level when there is no power and it helps to add some voltage due to the fact that a photo device like photo transistor is involved.
. EXPLANATION OF EACH BLOCK:
INPUT SUPPLY:- Input supply of 230 volts ac is fed to the main comparator-1 where it will be rectified. This input supply is not only fed to the mains comparator-1 but also to another block called mains comparator-2.
MAINS COMPARATOR-1: The function of the this block is to convert ac into dc i.e, rectification is done in this process by having some basic elements like capacitor and a unidirectional device. The output delivered from this block will be used for different blocks.
MAINS COMPARATOR-2: The function of this block is to compare the ac mains and the output delivered from the mains comparator-1. Depending on the status of the ac mains the output of the mains comparator-2 will be decided for the further process in the circuit.
AMBIENT LIGHT COMPARATOR:-This block includes a unique feature of having an opto eye which is formed by photo transistor and some resistor chain. This comparator will make use sense of the photo device and also the output delivered from the mains comparator-1.
CUT OFF LOGIC:- This block plays a major role in lightning up the lamp by deciding the status of different other blocks and according to which the voltage will be given to the lamp driver circuit. This block will not enable the battery to discharge in a quick time and hence improving the life of the battery.
LAMP DRIVER:-This consists of basic circuitry which contains some transistors and other basic elements which constitute the illumination of the lamp of a specified rating. It also consists of warming circuit to avoid frequent failure of lamps and this warming circuit will have some basic elements like diode and a resistor. It also control sudden inrush of current during switching times.
RESULT:
Hence the IC controlled emergency light can be constructed from the components mentioned above in which automatic feature is involved by making use of the photo devices like photo diode, photo transistor, photo sensor, e.t.c.
CONCLUSION:
This circuit can also be extended to a higher output voltage for which the charging voltage and the load are to be chosen accordingly. All the other components involved in the circuit are of same value.
FUTURE SCOPE: The emergency light which uses IC is a reliable one comparing to other non IC emergency lights and there is an automatic feature by which itself get glows.
REFERENCES:
Websites:
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.datasheetcatalog.com
Text books:
Linear and Digital circuit IC applications by Roy Choudary
Electronic devices and circuits by Jocab Milliman
hello
thanks for the project "Automatic Emergency Light (EEE)"
pls i wil do ask for more details of the work of each circuit and also circuit diagram for it..
thanks once again..pls do forward to my mail box..snowboy3k@yahoo.com
pls i will do ask the ppt of automatic emergency lamp pls
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For the safety of the residents and workers of a house or a commercial enterprise it is very important to have emergency lighting.
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