Contents
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Abbreviations
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Project Schedule
2. Project Description
Problem Definition
Problem Description
2.2.1 Why NS-2
2.2.2 Network Simulator NS-2
2.2.1.1 User’s View of NS
2.2.1.2 Architectural View of NS
2.2.1.3 NS Trace Format
2.2.3 Trace Analysis
2.2.2.1 Trace Support
2.2.2.2 Trace Graph Format
2.2.2.3 Trace Analysis Example
2.2.2.3.1 Understanding the Trace file
2.2.2.3.2 Sample Graph
2.2.4 Simulation Stages
2.2.3.1 Simulation Result Processing
2.2.3.1.1 Trace files processing
2.2.3.1.2 Wired Networks
2.2.3.1.2.1 Trace format of Wired Network

2.2.3.1.3 Wireless Networks
2.2.3.1.3.1 Old Wireless Trace format
2.2.3.1.3.2 New Wireless Trace format
3. Requirements
3.1 Software Requirements
3.2 Hardware Requirements
4. Design aspects
4.1 Basic idea of design
4.2 Expected output
5. Coding
6. Results
7. Conclusions
8. Future work
9. References



ABSTRACT
Establishing the computer networks in the different peripherals is cost effective. The performance of the network may not be as good as the one estimated before the installation and this may sometimes lead to changing of the peripherals. Therefore it is always better to have a simulation of the network using a computer than the actual establishment
We have many of simulators likes NS2, GLOMOSIM, SWANS etc. meant exclusively for network simulations which helps us in estimating the performance of network without the cost involvement. After having simulated the network, it can be analyzed for its performance. This approach directs us to take a proper decision about actual establishment of the network.
One of the foremost problems with the beginners of ns2 is what to do with the enormous data provided by the trace files. Very little documentation is available which will help the users of ns2 in extracting the required data and thus calculating parameters like one-way delay, throughput etc. Besides calculating parameters, one is more interested in observing the graph which gives instantaneous results.
NANS is the utility which brings all these features into one and from now onwards, strives to eliminate the entire problem associated with it

INTRODUCTION
Purpose:
Continuous networks development, higher and higher functionality requirements have created the need for tools that could monitor network transmissions and analyse them.
We have many simulators like NS2, GLOMOSIM, SWANS etc. meant exclusively for network simulations which helps us in estimating the performance of network without the cost involvement. After having simulated the network, it can be analyzed for its performance. This approach directs us to take a proper decision about actual establishment of the network.
One of the foremost problems with the beginners of ns2 is what to do with the enormous data provided by the trace files. Very little documentation is available which will help the users of ns2 in extracting the required data and thus calculating parameters like one-way delay, throughput etc. Besides calculating parameters, one is more interested in observing the graph which gives instantaneous results.
This paper describes Trace graph – a data presentation system for Network Simulator -2
Trace graph system provides many options for analysis, has capabilities to calculate many parameters characterizing network simulation. The NS2 simulator leaves lot of statistical data as the output of a particular simulation. Using this data that particular network can be analyzed for its performance. This analysis may include the capturing of Information from the simulator and drawing the graphs
1.2 Abbreviations


NS - Network Simulator
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
CBR - Control Bit Rate
ACK - Acknowledgement
RTT - Round Trip Time
TCL - Tool Command Language
OTCL - Object Tool Command Language
VINT - Virtual Inter Network Test board
LBNL - Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory
MANET - Mobile Ad-hoc Network
NAM - Network Animator

Adhoc Networks: Adhoc networks are mobile wireless networks that have no fixed infrastructure. There are no fixed routers instead each node acts as a router and forwards traffic from other nodes
Wired Networks: A Wired network is a network with physical cables connecting each system together.
OTCL: Tcl script language with Object-oriented extensions.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Problem Definition

Establishing the computer networks in the different peripherals is cost effective. The performance of the network may not be as good as the one estimated before the installation and this may sometimes lead to changing of the peripherals. Therefore it is always better to have a simulation of the network using simulator’s likes NS2, GLOMOSIM, SWANS etc. meant exclusively for network simulations which helps us in estimating the performance of network without the cost involvement. Here we are using NS2. After having simulated the network with NS2, it can be analyzed for its performance. This approach directs us to take a proper decision about actual establishment of the network.

The main problem is that NS-2 doesn’t provide any visualization options for simulation results (trace files) analysis. Because of this reason trace graph – NS-2 data presentation system was created. This paper describes Trace graph – a data presentation system for Network Simulator NS-2. The simulator doesn’t have any options implemented to analyse simulations results so it’s hard to use it. Trace graph system provides many options for analysis; it has capabilities to calculate many parameters characterizing network simulation, and statistical reports, saves calculation results to text files and to process its own script files to do all the calculations automatically.


2.2 Problem Description
2.2.1 Why NS2:
In the past ten years computer networks have been significantly developed, especially the largest one – the Internet. Nowadays networks have more and more workstations, the transmission speed increases and the connections capabilities rise. Continuous networks development, higher and higher functionality requirements have created the need for tools that could monitor network transmissions and analyse them. There have been developed network simulators, which help to design and test various kinds of networks, protocols, etc. A simulator for communication networks developed at LAURENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY (LBNL) within the VINT project. It fast became a property of the entire research community, where everyone can add its own modules, and contributes to the development of the simulator. The first version of NS was experimental. Now we are working with the second version called NS-2.The simulator works under UNIX and Windows system platforms and is mainly used for network research. It is widely used all over the world The main advantage of simulations is low cost of development and implementation in comparison to experimental tests in real environment. The main problem is that ns-2 doesn’t provide any visualization options for simulation results (trace files) analysis. Because of this reason Trace graph – ns-2 data presentation system was created in year 2001 and has been developed for a year and a half. This paper describes Trace graph – a data presentation system for Network Simulator ns-2. The simulator doesn’t have any options implemented to analyse simulations results so it’s hard to use it. Trace graph system provides many options for analysis, has capabilities to calculate many parameters characterizing network simulation, e.g. delay, RTT, throughput, sequence number, processing time, to plot 250 various graphs, and statistical reports, to save calculations results to text files and to process its own script files to do all the calculations automatically. Trace graph has become very popular and is used by many ns-2 users.

2.2.2 Network Simulator NS-2
The Network Simulator ns-2 is a discrete event simulator, which means it simulates such events as sending, receiving, forwarding and dropping packets. The events are sorted by time (seconds) in ascending order. The NS project is now a part of the VINT PROJECT that develops tools for simulation results display, analysis and converters that convert network topologies generated by well-known generators to NS formats. Currently, NS (version 2) written in C++ and OTcl (Tcl script language with Object-oriented extensions developed at MIT) is available. It is implemented in C++. For simulation scenario and network topology creation it uses OTcl (Object Tool Command Language).

DATA PRESENTATION
Simulation results can be analysed with the following graphs:
• Cumulative sums of numbers of generated/sent/received/forwarded/dropped packets or bytes vs. time,
• Throughput of generating/sending/receiving/forwarding/dropping packets or bits vs. time,
• Packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal throughput of generating/sending/receiving/forwarding/dropping packets or bits,
• Packet ID or send/receive event time vs. jitter,
• Throughput of sending/receiving bits vs. minimal/average/maximal delay,
• Throughput of sending/receiving bits vs. minimal/average/maximal jitter,
• Throughput of forwarding/receiving bits vs. minimal/average/maximal processing time,
• Throughput of sending bits vs. minimal/average/maximal Round Trip Time,
• send/receive event time vs. number of intermediate nodes forwarding/receiving packet,
• Packet ID vs. generate/send/receive/forward/drop event time,
• Packet sequence number vs. generate/send/receive/forward/drop event time,
• Packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal delay,
• Packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal processing time,
• Packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal Round Trip time,
• delay/jitter/processing time/RTT cumulative distribution,
• delay/jitter/processing time/RTT frequency distribution,
• Packet ID or send/receive event time vs. delay,
• Packet ID or forward/receive event time vs. processing time,
• Packet ID or send/receive event time vs. RTT,
• 3D graphs – numbers of generated/sent/forwarded/received/dropped/lost packets or bytes at all the nodes.

6. EXPANDING SYSTEM CAPABILITIES
Trace graph architecture enables implementing new system functions very easy. For example adding a new graph can take only 10 minutes. The system could be expanded to read other trace file formats like real network traces, e.g. a trace format converter could be created for conversion to Trace graph format. Nodes movements with packets flows 2D/3D visualization could be added. More parameters from trace files could be used for new graphs implementation. MATLAB environment enables to develop the system very easy and very fast.

Future Work:
Simulation results can be analysed with the following graphs also:
 cumulative sums of numbers of generated/sent/received/forwarded/dropped packets or bytes vs. time,

 throughput of generating/sending/receiving/forwarding/dropping packets or bits vs. time,

 packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal throughput of generating/sending/receiving/forwarding/dropping packets or bits,

 packet ID or send/receive event time vs. jitter,

 throughput of sending/receiving bits vs. minimal/average/maximal delay,

 throughput of sending/receiving bits vs. minimal/average/maximal jitter,

 throughput of forwarding/receiving bits vs. minimal/average/maximal processing time,
 throughput of sending bits vs. minimal/average/maximal Round Trip Time,

 send/receive event time vs. number of intermediate nodes forwarding/receiving packet,

 packet ID vs. generate/send/receive/forward/drop event time,

 packet sequence number vs. generate/send/receive/forward/drop event time,

 packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal delay,

 packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal processing time,

 packet size vs. minimal/average/maximal Round Trip time,

 delay/jitter/processing time/RTT cumulative distribution,

 delay/jitter/processing time/RTT frequency distribution,

 packet ID or send/receive event time vs. delay,

 packet ID or forward/receive event time vs. processing time,

 packet ID or send/receive event time vs. RTT,

For more details,you can view below: